Saturday, March 30, 2019
Ziziphus Mauritiana: Chemical Structure and Uses
genus genus Ziziphus Mauritiana chemical substance Structure and UsesBiological source It consist of modern finger kick up of Ziziphus mauritiana.Taxonomical classification Fig 4 Ziziphus mauritiana leafKingdom PlantSubkingdom ViridaeplantaePhylum TracheophytaSubphylum EuphyllophytinaDivision MagnoliophytaSubdivision Angiosprm household MagnoliopsidaSubclass RosidaeOrder RosalesFamily RhamnaceaeTribe PaliureaeGenus ZiziphusSpecies Mauritiana42Vernacular Names Languages Vernacular NamesArabic Beri, Bor, Nabbak El Fil, Nabbak-El-Fil, Nobig, Sidr slope Aprin, Baer, Baher, Bahir, Ber, Beri, Bor, Chinee Apple,Indian Plum, Indian-Cherry, Indian-Plum, Jujube, Ma-Tan,Malay-Jujube, Mangustine, Manzana (Apple), Manzanas,Manzanita, Perita Haitiana, Phutsa, Ponsigne, Putrea, SourJujube, Tao, Tao Nhuc, Widara, Yunnan Jujube, YunnanTamil ElandhaiHindi BerSanskrit Ajapriya, Badara, KarkandhuGujarati Bordi43Synonyms Rhamnus jujubeZiziphus jujubeZiziphus sororiaManasa arbo reaZiziphus trinerviaZiziphus orthocanthaZiziphus rotundataZiziphus abyssinicusSarcomphalus mauritianus44. evolution and distribution Ziziphus mauritiana, is present usu tout ensembley in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. It is primarily present in India and is now seen in tropical regions like Africa, Afghanistan, China, Malaysia, Australia and in around Pacific regions. The plant form dense stands and is invasive in some regions like Fiji and Australia. These days it an environmental weed in Federal Australia causing problems. It is grows very fastly with a medium life span, that can quick reach up to 1040 ft. noble. The plant is likewise cognize as Ziziphus mauritiana Narkeli kul, Ber, Boroi, Dongs, Bor, Beri 45.Macroscopic characters Ziziphus mauritiana is a thorny and evergreen shrub. Bark dark grey comment or dull relentless colour, irregularly fissured. It grows as a compact shrub of 3-4 m tall in severe climatic conditionsLeaves argon variable, alternate, in 2 ro ws, oblong elliptic in shape, 2.5-6 x 1.5-5 cm, rounded tip or pretty notched base exceptionally wavy-toothed on edges, shiny green and no hairs at the top dense, whitish, soft hairs underneath.Inflorescence of the plant is axillary cymes, 1-2 cm long, with 7-20 flowers of 2-3mm peduncles are 2- 3 mm long greenish colour-yellow colour, indistinctly perfumed pedicels are 3-8 mm long calyx with 5 deltoid lobes, hairy outer, hairless inner petals are 5 and are subspathulate, concave, reflexed.Fruit is a stone fruit and globose to ovoid shape, grows 6 x 4 cm in cultivation, usually much smaller when wild fruit skin is runny or rough, glossy, thin but tougher, yellowish colour to reddish colour or blackish colour flesh white, crisp, juicy, sub biting smell to sweet taste, becoming mealy in fully ripe fruits. beginning is a tuberculate and irregularly furrowed stone with 1-2 elliptic brownness kernels sssof 6 mm long. The name Ziziphus is often erroneously create verbally as Zizyp hus 46.Microscopic characters of leaf In Z. mauritiana, the abaxial leaf line up was characteristically densely pubescent, with numerous stomata arranged in the interveinal regions, whereas the adaxial protrude was glabrous, with comparatively few, sunken stomata.Leaf hairiness, hypostomatous distribution and sunken stomata are all characteristic features of species that exist in droughtprone regions. Transverse sections from fresh leaf lamina material showed that both Ziziphus species have characteristic C3 anatomy, with an copiousness of mucilaginous material exclusively localized in the adaxial epidermic kiosks which stained intensely with the mucopolysaccharide stain, alcianblue.The mucilagecell contents also indicates a high polysaccharide content throughout the cell. When stained with the PAS/toluidine blueO combination for light microscopy, there was no discernible nucleus, vacuole or cellular organelles in the epidermal mucilage cells, but with numerous starch grains an d nuclei clearly visible in the mesophyll parenchyma.Mucilage, produced in Golgi, accumulates initially between the plasmalemma and the cell wall, and by and by prolonged mucilage deposition, the remaining cytoplasm becomes compressed against the outer periclinal cell wall and degenerates47. Fig 5 Micriscopy of leaf of Z. mauritianaChemical Constituents Plant concords perfect(a) protein, fat, fiber, ash, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chlorine, Sulphur.They also contain ceryl alcohol and the alkaloids, protopine and berberine, quercetin, kaempferol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, lanosterol, diosgenin.The leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, oses and holosides, mucilages, sterol, triterpenoids, cardiotonic glucosides, and leucoanthocyanes.Plant also contain Protein, Fat, Fiber, Carbohydrates, Reducing Sugars, Non-Reducing Sugars, Ash, Calcium, Phosphorus, Iron, Carotene, Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Citric Acid, Ascorbic Acid, Fluoride, Pectin. The fresh fruits a lso contain some malic and oxalic acid and quercetin. Protein, Fat, Carbohydrates ,Sugar, Fiber.Major characteristic constituents aretriterpenes and triterpene saponins, including alphitolic, betulinic, maslinic, oleanolic, ursolic,3-O-trans-alphitolic, 3-O-cis-p-alphitolic, 3-O-cis-p-coumaroylalphitolic, 3-O-trans-pcoumarylalphitolicacids and zizyphus saponins I, II, III, jujuboside B, spinosin and swertisin48.Uses Traditional uses The fruits of wild trees are considered cooling, anodyne, astringent,stomachic, stypic tonic. The kernels are describe to have a sedative effect for relief from abxominal pain in pregnancy. They are also given as antidote to aconite poisoning and employ in poultices other application for wounds. The seeds are used as antidiarrhoeal.Leaves are eaten with catechu as astringent. It is regarded as diaphoretic and are prescribed for typhoid in children. They are also used as poultices. In lift throat, a leaf decoction is used as gargle.Paste of leaves and twigs are use to abcess, boils and curbuncls to promote suppuration and stangury.Bark is sometimes used in india for walloping purposes. A decoction of bark is used in the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. It is also used as astringent in gingivitis. Juice of bark is physic and externally applied to gout rheumatism.Decoction of root is beneficial in febrility powder of root is used for old wounds an ulcers49.Scientifically proven uses Antihyperglycemic occupation of aqueous extracts of leaves has been evaluated on hyperglycaemia induced by oral brass section of glucose in rabbits.Anti carcinogenic performance of leaf extract has been evaluated. pull in has showed significant action on cancer cells.Anti ulcer activity also have been evaluated by using anti ulcer models in rats.Survey of literature reveals that plant has been reported for antiteroidogenic, antianxyiolytic, sedative and hypnotic.Also it has disinfectant and radioprotection50.Division of pharmacology, RIPER, ATP.Page 32
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