Nisa The Life And Words Of Kung Woman By Marjorie Shostak Essays

Nisa The Life And Words Of Kung Woman By Marjorie Shostak In this paper I will talk about the book Nisa The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman, by Marjorie Shostak. In doing this I will portray the way of life of the !Kung individuals, a little agrarian clan in Africa. At that point I will go on with telling about their sociocultural frameworks that I have found out about in this book. To rap things up I will tell my expectation where the !Kung populace is going into what's to come. I will utilize clarifications from the book to assist me with portraying my forecast. !Kung culture is an exceptionally straightforward culture. The standards in this general public are difficult to characterize; standards are shared guidelines that characterize how individuals should carry on in specific situations. Take marriage for instance In the book Nisa clarifies how a ladies can wed more than once in the course of her life, a !Kung young lady is really hitched a few times before she remains with one man. These appeared to me as preliminary relationships, the ladies are too youthful to even consider wanting the marriage and as a rule are the ones to end it. Much after long marriage including youngsters things, for example, demise and separation/detachment happen and a lady finds another spouse. So as should be obvious the standards in the !Kung culture are very different than that of our own standards. In any event, when marriage is included having sweethearts was not evaded. Albeit a few ladies don't participate in this demonstration, it is an exceptionally basic thing among the !Kung. The standard here is to have a sweetheart to keep that youthful fun loving and cherishing fascination bursting at the seams with somebody, considerably after things have started to settle with your better half. Nisa clarifies, ?Even my mom had sweethearts. I'd be with her when she met them. Be that as it may, my dad, in the event that he had them, I didn't realize She reviews numerous circumstances like this, as do most !Kung kids. ?I recollect, when I was still little, seeing my mom with one man. He met her, took her, and had intercourse to her. I sat close by and paused. When she returned conveying kindling, I thought, ?I am going to tell!? At that point I thought, ?Should I tell Daddy or shouldn't I But when we showed up back at the town, I didn't utter a word. I thought in the event that I told, my dad would execute my mom.? Most youngsters dread their dad's beatings, in this manner, won't tell on their moms. Qualities, guidelines by which a general public characterizes what is attractive and unfortunate, in !Kung society essentially include things managing sex. The sex they esteem isn't a similar sex that our general public perspectives it. It isn't about looks or huge bosoms or wide shoulders. They place no an incentive on looks, in spite of the fact that Nisa remarks on attractive individuals, there is no remarks made straightforwardly towards appalling individuals. They don't underline on individuals' awful looks; hence, they don't need to feel unsure about their looks. At the point when disparaging remarks are made it's about people groups private parts. When she was too youthful to even consider having sex she would decay sex play by saying, ?You, Tuma, you have a gigantic penis! I would prefer not to be with somebody like that!? He stated, ? We're going to play and engage in sexual relations with Big-Vagina over yonder.? He implied me.? They utilized this as a method of offending o ne another. With regards to sex having large private parts is an awful thing, subsequently, the qualities in the general public are entirely different from our own. The socialization/enculturation procedure of another !Kung kid begins at the very first moment. Enculturation is the procedure of social collaboration through which individuals get familiar with their way of life. At the point when the mother is feeling all around ok after the birth, which is normally a couple of days or when the milk comes in, the infant will go gathering with the mother. That there includes a huge piece of the way of life of regular daily existence. In spite of the fact that very little is anticipated from the !Kung youngsters their interest compensates for it. Youngsters are willing and anxious to figure out how to chase and assemble, as do the grown-ups. Youthful guys can find out about chasing

Winston Churchill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Winston Churchill - Essay Example In his exposition â€Å"Scaffolding of Rhetoric† Churchill composed: â€Å"Sometimes a slight and not unpleasing stammer or hindrance has been of some help with making sure about the consideration of the audience†. Throughout the long stretches of preparing, Churchill figured out how to utilize his voice with the most elevated level of dominance. He skilfully used the methods for language, for example, point by point portrayals, masterful sentences, allegories, analogies, humor, reverberating lectures, and so forth just as methods for voice performed by compelling inflection, which turned into a piece of purported Churchill's â€Å"personal style†: â€Å"There was symbolism, shading and history. Churchill made an intertwined set of characteristics that made a special expository persona... His addresses have a â€Å"Churchill quality†... a â€Å"Churchill approach† to open speaking†. Winston Churchill was likewise a recognized essayist and got ten Nobel Prize a writing, making the language the fundamental entertainer of his speeches.Among different components of effective open speaking Churchill called attention to exhaustive readiness, vehement start and concentrating on thoughts. Every one of his addresses, Churchill arranged by and by and in advance. For ordinarily Winston Churchill practiced, reworked and altered his talks. He could work out isolated expressions for a few days, weeks and even months, recording the most significant of them into a unique scratch pad. Churchill conceded that he was unable to compose sufficiently quick and every one of his talks were an aftereffect of difficult work. He said that exact act of spontaneity existed uniquely in the creative mind of the crowd.

How to Create a Monster Writing Paper

How to Create a Monster Writing PaperIf you want to get your class to read a monster writing paper then it is vital that you understand the importance of being able to persuade people. As a teacher or as an English teacher it is your job to help students become better writers.To do this successfully, you must first identify what makes a monster paper. What should make a monster writing paper so great? There are some key areas that can help you when you are trying to create a good monster paper.A monster paper should be interesting and engaging to read. It is important that you explain information clearly and that you add enough descriptive details to the report. You also need to understand that there are many different ways to format information so that it flows together properly.The layout of the paper needs to look professional and you should ensure that your writing is not very long. There are many different fonts to choose from so make sure that you consider this when you are cho osing the font. Another thing that you need to keep in mind is that the font size should be small. Your paragraphs should also be written in small letters.You will also need to take into account the length of the monster paper. If you have a very lengthy monster writing paper then you will probably be wasting a lot of time explaining the same points again. Instead, try to keep your paper short. You should also make sure that you keep the body of the paper short and easy to read.When you are going to write a monster writing paper, you should try to avoid using lots of technical terms. The reason for this is that it will make it difficult for your readers to understand the information that you are presenting. Instead, you should use simple English and demonstrate the points you are trying to make clearly and simply.Finally, you should consider how well you will be able to communicate your points to your students as you write your writing paper. If you know how to write a monster writi ng paper then you should write it and pass it on to your students. If you are not confident with your writing then try to delegate the work to someone else.By combining these tips you should be able to create a monster writing paper that is effective and very enjoyable for your students. Remember that you should try to convince them that you are right by using the facts that you have presented in your monster writing paper. You should try to learn all you can about convincing your students in this way.

Comparative Essay the Crucible and the Kite Runner

The Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, and The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, share many similar themes, characters, and ideas. One particular theme that is present throughout both of these written pieces is love. Defined by the Oxford Dictionary, love is a strong positive emotion of regard and affection. It can be found in moments of one’s life, through relationships, and through people. In The Kite Runner and The Crucible, one can see the similarities of love through friendship, paternal, and marital love. Friendship, a type of love, plays a key role in both The Kite Runner and The Crucible. In The Kite Runner, Hassan and Amir share a special relationship when they were children. Together, they played by their pomegranate†¦show more content†¦Baba also gave Amir a car that night to show Amir that he was proud of his success; Baba wanted to reward him for what he had accomplished. On Amir’s wedding day, although Baba was deathly ill, Baba exclaimed, â€Å"It’s the happiest day of my life, Amir,† (Khaled Hosseini, p.175). Baba made a speech at Amir and Soraya’s wedding. He openly shared that Amir fulfilled his expectations by saying that above all else, â€Å"Amir jan is my only son...my only child, and he has been a good son to me,† (Khaled Hosseini, p.177). Although it didn’t seem obvious at first, Baba truly loved Amir. The Kite Runner and The Crucible both have two fathers with strong paternal loves for their sons. A final type of love found in both The Crucible and The Kite Runner is marital love. Amir and Soraya’s relationship that was built on friendship grew as their marriage progressed. Their marriage consisted of many important characteristics including loyalty, support, and honesty. Before their marriage, Soraya told Amir her secret that she had been with another man when she was eighteen. Amir was accepting of her ill judgment, yet wished that he could openly share his secret with her how he’d â€Å"betrayed Hassan, lied, driven him out, and destroyed a forty-year relationship between Baba and Ali,† (Khaled Hosseini, p.174). However, he did not tell Soraya, he kept that secret locked away. Though honesty wasn’t present at the beginning of their marriage, it was gained by telling the truth. This made their bond,

Biology Case Study - 1303 Words

4. Discussion TLRs play a crucial role in mediating protection against pathogens. The interactions between PAMPS and TLRs result in triggering of cellular responses with subsequent production of cytokines and other immunoregulatory molecules leading to induction of innate and adaptive immune responses. Previous studies have demonstrated that TLR ligands can be exploited prophylactically to confer immunity against pathogens (Gomis et al., 2004; Dar et al., 2009; St. Paul et al., 2012c; Barjesteh et al., 2015) and as vaccine adjuvants to enhance adaptive immune responses (Mallick et al., 2011). Although the role of TLR ligands in eliciting innate and adaptive responses has been characterized in the chicken spleen and bursa of Fabricius (St.†¦show more content†¦The higher responses reported for LPS in the spleen, in contrast to higher responses to CpG ODN by cecal tonsil cells, could be attributable to differences in cellular composition (lymphocyte subsets, macrophages and dendritic cells) of spleen and cecal tonsils as well as age-related changes in TCR repertoire. Indeed, the percentages of TCR (T-cell receptor) 1 and TCR3 lymphocytes have been reported to be higher in the spleen of 7-week-old chickens compared to 2-week-old chickens (Erf et al., 1998). It is well established that TLR ligands exhibit both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties (Vendrig et al., 2013). Recognition of these ligands by TLRs enhances the production of cytokines and increases expression of costimulatory molecules that modulate adaptive immune responses (Datta et al., 2003). Furthermore, the secreted cytokines drive differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 or Th2 effector cells or T regulatory (Treg) cells (Kaiko et al., 2007; Orgun et al., 2008). In the present study, TLR ligands induced significant up-regulation of IFN-ÃŽ ³ and IL-2 gene expression. These results are in agreement with results from previous studies by Brisbin and colleagues (2010; 2012) in that treatment of cecal tonsil mononuclear cells with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and LactobacillusShow MoreRelatedBiology Case Study1218 Words   |  5 Pagesconvenient for our sample study since heart attack disease has been found to start developing in as early a range a s 20-39 years (Mozaffarian 2015). Some interesting things to note about our population sample is the changes overtime they had from 1950 to 1962. The weight change decreased about 1.4 pounds as did the serum cholesterol by 4.5 mg% and BMI by 0.2298964. 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They hypothesized testing a group of mice which were fed only water compared to mice fed a coffee/water mixture would identify benefits of coffee consumption. Their prediction, based on past studies, was that yes c offee wouldRead MoreI Learn A Great Deal About How Conduct A Case Study Essay908 Words   |  4 Pages I learn a great deal about how to conduct a case study. I gained insight into the struggles Aubri deals with daily. After the initial meetings, our many conversations, and the case study research I felt I knew Aubri much better. I now know why so many of my students struggle with organization and time management (AR 1.8, AR 3.2, AR 3.3). The whole process makes me look at all my students differently (AR 2.5.) Makes me want to be a better teacher, counselor, parent, wife, and friend.Read MoreResearch On The Learning Of An Educational Setup Essay2437 Words   |  10 Pagesstudents (ages 9-11) and Chemistry to secondary section students (ages 13-15), I have observed a change in the students’ approach towards the study of Science. As the students progressed to higher grades, they started losing their interest in science. Applying scientific concepts in practical scenarios became a challenging process and yet, many continued to study science simply due to the pressure of choosing a career in the field of medicine or engineering. 2.0 Aim of my research As a science teacher

Unit 18 Database Design Oliver Taylor Resubmission

Unit 18 Task 1 - What are the benefits of a relational database? A benefit of a relational database would be that the data is only stored once. This means you don’t have to change multiple records and it doesn’t take up much storage space. For the veterinary practise this is ideal for them, as this is the main reason to why they’re changing from paper to Microsoft Access. Having everything on Access and not on paper means they can search for information quicker through the search bar and also it can all be stored on a hard drive. This will save money on buying filing cabinets, on storage space, time spent looking for information and on buying materials such as paper and ink. Another benefit would be its more secure. This is because†¦show more content†¦If the field size is ‘70’, that means the user can input up to 70 letters, numbers or symbols. It’s important that you change it field size if it’s the automatically the appropriate size. This is because if you have a field size of 70, that’ll take up 70 bytes of storage, which by itself isn’t a lot, but over a massive database that’ll take up a lot of room. So for a First Name for example, instead of leaving it as 70, it should be changed to around 10-15. One to One relationship A one to one relationship in a database is where each row in a database is linked with another database. Only one can be linked with another from another table. For example in Table A and Table B, each row in Table has to be linked with another row in Table B. In each of them, they must have the same number of rows, otherwise it won’t work. This does make it sound like you could just merge the two tables into one, which in theory is true. But the advantage of having two separate tables is that if you have columns of data that you don’t often use then you can separate them into another table. This will make information in the primary table easier to read as it will only have the relevant information in it. One-to-many relationships A one-to-many database relationship is where each row in a table can be related to many other rows in another table. With being able to do this you can use frequently used data from one data and reference it many

Fresh Perspectives on Airline Fleet Strategies

Question: Discuss about the Fresh Perspectives on Airline Fleet Strategies. Answer: Introduction A fundamental role is played by the airline industry in the globalisation process of other industries as it is a strategic sector which helps in promoting foreign investment, world trade and tourism and thus leads to economic growth. However, every airline in the industry, operates in an environment which is highly dynamic and in which the different economic, technological, social and legal forces interact with one another and have an impact on their actions and decisions. The main question here is what are the ways which are most attractive and feasible for accessing the market access to the airlines across the world? the ingredients are provided by the competition policy as well as the policy of international trade. A condition that needs to be recognised by all the businesses is competition and it happens to be a vital factor in the determination of a businesss success or failure. The competitive intensity is the strength of competition that is faced by a business. The number of c ompeting firms along with their competitive strategies and the competitive forces of the industry determine its competitive intensity. The intensity as well as balance of the tension that is +created by competition has large implications on the strategy. What can and what cannot be done by an airlines is impacted by the environment wherein the airlines competes (Nhuta, 2012). This paper will conduct a competitive analysis of the airline industry of U.S. to find out the reasons for its low profitability and also analyse its economic performance. Strategies will be suggested for bringing improvements in the chances of it being profitable persistently. An Overview of the U.S. Airline Industry In the U.S. Airline industry, there are over 100 certified passenger airlines that are operating accounting for more than 11 million flight departures in a year. They carry more than one-third of the total air traffic of the world. Commercial aviation makes a contribution of approximately 8% to the GDP of the country (Airlines_Eric_Henckels, 2016). The U.S. airline industry has been struggling for long time to make profits. A number of factors have been responsible for this. Through the years, there has been entry of low cost budget carriers like Virgin America, AirTran Airways, Jet Blue and Southwest Airlines into the industry which has hurt the larger carriers like American, Delta and United. Non-union labour has been utilised by such new entrants and they usually fly only a single kind of aircraft that helps to reduce the cost of maintenance. The focus of these aircrafts has been on the routes that are more lucrative and they usually fly from point-to-point which is dissimilar to the incumbents which have been historically routing passengers via the hubs. Low fares are offered by them in order to compete. The entry of the new players has led to the creation of a situation where excess capacity exists in the industry and share from the incumbent airlines has been acquired by the new entrants as the cost structures of incumben t airlines are high as a consequence of high costs of labour. The incumbents had no choice but of responding to fare cuts which resulted in protracting a price war in the industry. The matters were made worse with the rise of the travel sites like Orbitz, Travelocity and Expedia on the internet. This made it very easy for the consumers to compare the prices and assisted in keeping the fares low. The matters were further complicated when in 2011, the prices of oil started increasing. In 2011, the costs of fuel formed 32 percent of total revenues while the cost of labour was 26% of the total revenue. Together they formed the two largest items of variable expense. During the 2000s several airlines become bankrupt which included the US Airways, United, Northwest and Delta. Even though the larger airlines were flying, reorganisation took place under the bankruptcy law of Chapter 11 and persistence of excess capacity continued in the industry. The latter half of 2000s and the early part of 2010s witnessed a large number of mergers in the airline industry. Merger of Northwest and Delta occurred in 2008 and merger of Continental and United occurred in 2010 while plans were announced by Southwest Airlines to merge with AirTran. In the later part of 2012, the American Airlines was put under bankruptcy protection of Chapter 11. Subsequently, U.S. Airways started pushing for an agreement on merger with American Airlines and this was till early 2013 under negotiation. A Competitive Force Analysis of the Industry The origin of this model is in the 1980 book of Michael E Porter which was known as Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors (Porter, 1980). From then onwards it has been a tool which is used frequently for conducting an analysis of the industry structure of the company and also its competitive strategy (Thimpson. Strickland., 2003). Five competitive forces were identified by Porter in his book and these forces give shape to each and every market and industry. Such forces assist in the analysis of all the things including intensity of competition to industrys profitability to its attractiveness (Magretta, 2011) (Porter, 2008). The main aspect of utilising the Portes Five Forces for the U.S. Airline industry is that the industry has been constantly battered by strong headwinds from a number of factors externally which consist of a decline of passenger traffic, increase in the operating expenses, high process of fuels and higher costs of maintenance and landing in addition to the immense competition posed by low cost carriers that has resulted in an intense price war and has had a severe impact on it (Rahman et al., 2015). The airline industry especially in case of the U.S. is said to be in a death spiral as the major carriers had to either merge with some other airlines or was forced into bankruptcy for staying afloat. Supplier Power In the U.S, airline industry, the suppliers have an immense power due to the three inputs in form of labour, aircraft and fuel all of which are impacted by the external environment. Firstly, the prices of the fuel are subject to any fluctuation which might occur in the oil prices in the global market. There might be high fluctuations due to geopolitical as well as other factors. Secondly, labour is often subject to the union power and they usually bargain with the airlines in order to obtain concessions which are often costly and unreasonable. Thirdly, aircrafts are needed by the airlines either on the basis of wet lease or outright sales meaning that there is dependency of the airlines on Boeing and Airbus for their requirements. Due to these reasons, the bargaining power of the suppliers is high as per the framework of Porters Five Forces. Buyer Power The growth of the online ticketing as well as distribution systems, the fliers are no longer dependent on the intermediaries and agents or the airlines for purchasing their tickets. Additionally, with the low cost carriers making their entry and the price wars which have resulted due to that has provided the carriers with several benefits. Apart from this, the presence of tight regulation on the side of demand in case of the airline industry has meant that fliers and passengers have got protection by means of regulators indicating a balance of power in their favour. The power is ceded to the airline industry by a combination of all the factors and therefore there is a presence of moderate to high power of the buyers in accordance with the methodology of Porters Five Forces. Additionally, the buyers can also be engaged in price discovery which means that fluctuations in price cannot stop them as there is availability of multiple channels for booking tickets. Entry and Exit Barriers There is a requirement of huge capital to enter the airline industry and even while exiting the sector, the airlines have the need of writing down as well as absorbing several losses. This is an indication that the barriers of entry and exit are high in this industry. Since, entry requires a big capital infusion; it is not possible for everybody to make an entry in the industry. It requires expertise along with sophisticated knowledge on the part of the companies which proves to be a deterrent. The barriers for exiting are also subject to regulations since in case of the U.S., the airlines are not permitted to exit the industry by the regulators till they get the satisfaction that a genuine business reason exists for it. Additionally, the synergies as well as the efficiencies from scale are leveraged by the industry and there is an existence of high barriers for entry as per the Porters Five Forces. Threat of Substitutes and Complementarities In the U.S., the airline industry does not face threat from substitutes as well as complementarities as consumers often do not take the journey through trains or buses as seen in the developing world. This indicates that for the consumers flying happens to be phenomenon which is natural and hence there is minimum impact of the substitutes. However, cars are used by several Americans which shows that a threat exists from this substitute. As far as complementarities are concerned, full service airlines offering services such as passenger amenities, a la carte meals, free Wi-Fi, etc. does not increase the number of passengers as recently it has been observed that low fares induce passenger more than these aspects. Intensity of Competitive Rivalry Intense competition exists in the U.S. airline industry due to several reasons that consist of low cost carriers making their entry, presence of tight regulations within the industry which makes safety paramount resulting in higher operating expenses along with the fact that the operations of the airlines occurs as per a slightly outdated business model particularly when the industry is facing rapid turnover as well as churn. Additionally, there is more regulation on the side of supply in comparison to the side of demand in the airline industry. This signifies that rather than the airlines having the freedom to select the markets where they can operate and which segments can they target, the regulators are pampering the fliers. Due to this reason, the full service airlines have been literally grounded by the low cost carriers. When this is put together with the intense competition which has always been observed in the markets of the U.S., it makes airline among the most competitive s ectors of the U.S. Economic Performance of the airline industry of the U.S. The economic performance of the airline industry in the U.S. looks at the way the industry has been adding value to the consumers, the investors, the wider economy as well as the Governments (IATA, 2016). Cost reductions due to declining energy prices, consolidation of the industry along with capacity discipline has resulted in the US airline industry enjoying a high of 15 year in terms of operating margins which is healthy for airlines deprived of profits in the recent years. This was despite the revenue challenges present recently. In the 2015, during the second quarter, there was an increase in margins by 6.8 points and 6.2 points of network as well as value carriers. This is when yields and revenue were declining and thus reflected a favourable environment of costs along with skilled management of airlines. The decline in yields has coincided with a capacity growth that is creeping systemwide for US carriers especially in domestic markets and slight relaxations in capacity restra ints recently in the industry. Capacity growth recently in domestic markets has put it closer to growth estimates in terms of the GDP. Recent years have also witnessed a strong focus of the industry to constraint capacity either at or below the GDP growth. Capacity growth in available seat miles exceeded GDP growth in 2015 and the overall growth of ASM in the domestic market was 3.3%. The increase in capacity along with high competition in fares in the domestic markets softened the yields. There was a decline in systemwide passenger yields. Revenue also declined after peaking in mid-2014. However, despite the challenges of revenue, airlines have been able to sustain and also show increased profit margins as unit cost declines have outpaced unit revenue declines. The cost declines have been due to lowering of fuel prices and also other costs like maintenance and ownership. Labour costs were however, high. The overall decline in costs has been largest since 2009 (Wyman, 2016). Identifying strategies for airline profitability Differentiation, cost as well as agility can be used as strategies for increasing competitive advantage. differentiation can be in form of positive reputation of the company, high value and superior quality. Costs include lowering costs to make products cheaper to the competitors products and agility comprises being agile in terms of speed of responding to demands of the market (Eller Moreira, 2014). Besides this, increased financing can be used along with price cuts in the form of sales and programs of frequent flyers, offering new services and improving the quality of existing services. In 2008, the fuel prices had reached 40% of the operating costs while in 2015, they declined. The volatility in the prices of oil in the recent years have made it necessary for the U.S. Airline to develop new strategies for the purpose of increasing revenues and reducing costs. Strategies such as charging baggage fees helped it in offsetting the effect caused by rise in fuel prices. Charging this ancillary fee was used for offsetting the impact of the decrease in demand due to economic recession and financial crisis. The ancilliary fees comprised fees for priority seating, cancellation of reservation and excess baggage fees. The fuel inefficient aircrafts were retired along with discontinuing unprofitable flying in case of city pair markets where the costs of fuel render the routes as being unprofitable (Leigh Fisher, 2011). These strategies can be continued with. The focus should be also on low unit costs for getting an increased market share (Embraer, 2013). The competitive analysis shows that entry and exit in this industry involves huge investments and is thus high, the supplier and buyer bargaining power are also moderately high. There is intense competition from rivals but not so much from substitutes. The unit costs in the airline decreased in 2015 due to ASM increase and greater density of seats. The industry has been marred by low profitability in the recent years. However, the airlines are showing improvements in matching their capacity to the demands of the consumers and have maintained high load factors in peak as well as off-peak times. The last two years saw load factors at a record level because of the stimulation of off-peak demand and either maintenance of or reduction of non-peak capacity. Even though the ASM growth was the lowest in North America, it exceeded the estimates of GDP (Wyman, 2016). The above mentioned strategies should be implemented for increasing profitability. Conclusion It is an encouraging sign that the airline industry has been able to maintain profits which are healthy even though intense competition exists but it is debatable if the profits will be able to outlast the low fuel cycle and will the costs of the industry be affected by the renewed focus on the customers. In addition will the carriers give in to the temptation of flooding the market with an unsustainable capacity given the estimates of economic growth and will the weaknesses that have been covered by low prices of fuel be exposed ultimately. In light of this, it is recommended that the airlines implement the above mentioned strategies so as to increase their profitability even more in the coming years. Bibliography Airlines_Eric_Henckels, 2016. Airline Induustry Overview. [Online] Available at: https://www.columbia.edu/cu/consultingclub/Resources/Airlines_Eric_Henckels.pdf [Accessed 16 December 2016]. Eller, R.d.A.G. Moreira, M., 2014. The main cost-related factors in airlines management. Journal of Transport Literature, 8(1), pp.8-23. Embraer, 2013. Fresh Perspectives on Airline Fleet Strategies. [Online] Available at: https://www.embraercommercialaviation.com/MarketInfo/The_New_Metrics_of_Success.pdf [Accessed 16 December 2016]. IATA, 2016. ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY. [Online] Available at: https://www.iata.org/whatwedo/Documents/economics/IATA-Economic-Performance-of-the-Industry-end-year-2016-report.pdf [Accessed 16 December 2016]. Leigh Fisher, 2011. The New Drivers of Airline Profitability Influence Service Decisions. [Online] Available at: https://www.leighfisher.com/sites/default/files/free_files/focus_-_new_drivers_of_airline_profitability_-_nov_2011.pdf [Accessed 15 December 2016]. Magretta, J., 2011. Understand Michael Porter: The essential guide to competition and strategy. Harvard Business Review. 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