Comparative Essay the Crucible and the Kite Runner

The Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, and The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, share many similar themes, characters, and ideas. One particular theme that is present throughout both of these written pieces is love. Defined by the Oxford Dictionary, love is a strong positive emotion of regard and affection. It can be found in moments of one’s life, through relationships, and through people. In The Kite Runner and The Crucible, one can see the similarities of love through friendship, paternal, and marital love. Friendship, a type of love, plays a key role in both The Kite Runner and The Crucible. In The Kite Runner, Hassan and Amir share a special relationship when they were children. Together, they played by their pomegranate†¦show more content†¦Baba also gave Amir a car that night to show Amir that he was proud of his success; Baba wanted to reward him for what he had accomplished. On Amir’s wedding day, although Baba was deathly ill, Baba exclaimed, â€Å"It’s the happiest day of my life, Amir,† (Khaled Hosseini, p.175). Baba made a speech at Amir and Soraya’s wedding. He openly shared that Amir fulfilled his expectations by saying that above all else, â€Å"Amir jan is my only son...my only child, and he has been a good son to me,† (Khaled Hosseini, p.177). Although it didn’t seem obvious at first, Baba truly loved Amir. The Kite Runner and The Crucible both have two fathers with strong paternal loves for their sons. A final type of love found in both The Crucible and The Kite Runner is marital love. Amir and Soraya’s relationship that was built on friendship grew as their marriage progressed. Their marriage consisted of many important characteristics including loyalty, support, and honesty. Before their marriage, Soraya told Amir her secret that she had been with another man when she was eighteen. Amir was accepting of her ill judgment, yet wished that he could openly share his secret with her how he’d â€Å"betrayed Hassan, lied, driven him out, and destroyed a forty-year relationship between Baba and Ali,† (Khaled Hosseini, p.174). However, he did not tell Soraya, he kept that secret locked away. Though honesty wasn’t present at the beginning of their marriage, it was gained by telling the truth. This made their bond,

Biology Case Study - 1303 Words

4. Discussion TLRs play a crucial role in mediating protection against pathogens. The interactions between PAMPS and TLRs result in triggering of cellular responses with subsequent production of cytokines and other immunoregulatory molecules leading to induction of innate and adaptive immune responses. Previous studies have demonstrated that TLR ligands can be exploited prophylactically to confer immunity against pathogens (Gomis et al., 2004; Dar et al., 2009; St. Paul et al., 2012c; Barjesteh et al., 2015) and as vaccine adjuvants to enhance adaptive immune responses (Mallick et al., 2011). Although the role of TLR ligands in eliciting innate and adaptive responses has been characterized in the chicken spleen and bursa of Fabricius (St.†¦show more content†¦The higher responses reported for LPS in the spleen, in contrast to higher responses to CpG ODN by cecal tonsil cells, could be attributable to differences in cellular composition (lymphocyte subsets, macrophages and dendritic cells) of spleen and cecal tonsils as well as age-related changes in TCR repertoire. Indeed, the percentages of TCR (T-cell receptor) 1 and TCR3 lymphocytes have been reported to be higher in the spleen of 7-week-old chickens compared to 2-week-old chickens (Erf et al., 1998). It is well established that TLR ligands exhibit both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties (Vendrig et al., 2013). Recognition of these ligands by TLRs enhances the production of cytokines and increases expression of costimulatory molecules that modulate adaptive immune responses (Datta et al., 2003). Furthermore, the secreted cytokines drive differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 or Th2 effector cells or T regulatory (Treg) cells (Kaiko et al., 2007; Orgun et al., 2008). In the present study, TLR ligands induced significant up-regulation of IFN-ÃŽ ³ and IL-2 gene expression. These results are in agreement with results from previous studies by Brisbin and colleagues (2010; 2012) in that treatment of cecal tonsil mononuclear cells with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and LactobacillusShow MoreRelatedBiology Case Study1218 Words   |  5 Pagesconvenient for our sample study since heart attack disease has been found to start developing in as early a range a s 20-39 years (Mozaffarian 2015). Some interesting things to note about our population sample is the changes overtime they had from 1950 to 1962. The weight change decreased about 1.4 pounds as did the serum cholesterol by 4.5 mg% and BMI by 0.2298964. 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They hypothesized testing a group of mice which were fed only water compared to mice fed a coffee/water mixture would identify benefits of coffee consumption. Their prediction, based on past studies, was that yes c offee wouldRead MoreI Learn A Great Deal About How Conduct A Case Study Essay908 Words   |  4 Pages I learn a great deal about how to conduct a case study. I gained insight into the struggles Aubri deals with daily. After the initial meetings, our many conversations, and the case study research I felt I knew Aubri much better. I now know why so many of my students struggle with organization and time management (AR 1.8, AR 3.2, AR 3.3). The whole process makes me look at all my students differently (AR 2.5.) 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Unit 18 Database Design Oliver Taylor Resubmission

Unit 18 Task 1 - What are the benefits of a relational database? A benefit of a relational database would be that the data is only stored once. This means you don’t have to change multiple records and it doesn’t take up much storage space. For the veterinary practise this is ideal for them, as this is the main reason to why they’re changing from paper to Microsoft Access. Having everything on Access and not on paper means they can search for information quicker through the search bar and also it can all be stored on a hard drive. This will save money on buying filing cabinets, on storage space, time spent looking for information and on buying materials such as paper and ink. Another benefit would be its more secure. This is because†¦show more content†¦If the field size is ‘70’, that means the user can input up to 70 letters, numbers or symbols. It’s important that you change it field size if it’s the automatically the appropriate size. This is because if you have a field size of 70, that’ll take up 70 bytes of storage, which by itself isn’t a lot, but over a massive database that’ll take up a lot of room. So for a First Name for example, instead of leaving it as 70, it should be changed to around 10-15. One to One relationship A one to one relationship in a database is where each row in a database is linked with another database. Only one can be linked with another from another table. For example in Table A and Table B, each row in Table has to be linked with another row in Table B. In each of them, they must have the same number of rows, otherwise it won’t work. This does make it sound like you could just merge the two tables into one, which in theory is true. But the advantage of having two separate tables is that if you have columns of data that you don’t often use then you can separate them into another table. This will make information in the primary table easier to read as it will only have the relevant information in it. One-to-many relationships A one-to-many database relationship is where each row in a table can be related to many other rows in another table. With being able to do this you can use frequently used data from one data and reference it many

Fresh Perspectives on Airline Fleet Strategies

Question: Discuss about the Fresh Perspectives on Airline Fleet Strategies. Answer: Introduction A fundamental role is played by the airline industry in the globalisation process of other industries as it is a strategic sector which helps in promoting foreign investment, world trade and tourism and thus leads to economic growth. However, every airline in the industry, operates in an environment which is highly dynamic and in which the different economic, technological, social and legal forces interact with one another and have an impact on their actions and decisions. The main question here is what are the ways which are most attractive and feasible for accessing the market access to the airlines across the world? the ingredients are provided by the competition policy as well as the policy of international trade. A condition that needs to be recognised by all the businesses is competition and it happens to be a vital factor in the determination of a businesss success or failure. The competitive intensity is the strength of competition that is faced by a business. The number of c ompeting firms along with their competitive strategies and the competitive forces of the industry determine its competitive intensity. The intensity as well as balance of the tension that is +created by competition has large implications on the strategy. What can and what cannot be done by an airlines is impacted by the environment wherein the airlines competes (Nhuta, 2012). This paper will conduct a competitive analysis of the airline industry of U.S. to find out the reasons for its low profitability and also analyse its economic performance. Strategies will be suggested for bringing improvements in the chances of it being profitable persistently. An Overview of the U.S. Airline Industry In the U.S. Airline industry, there are over 100 certified passenger airlines that are operating accounting for more than 11 million flight departures in a year. They carry more than one-third of the total air traffic of the world. Commercial aviation makes a contribution of approximately 8% to the GDP of the country (Airlines_Eric_Henckels, 2016). The U.S. airline industry has been struggling for long time to make profits. A number of factors have been responsible for this. Through the years, there has been entry of low cost budget carriers like Virgin America, AirTran Airways, Jet Blue and Southwest Airlines into the industry which has hurt the larger carriers like American, Delta and United. Non-union labour has been utilised by such new entrants and they usually fly only a single kind of aircraft that helps to reduce the cost of maintenance. The focus of these aircrafts has been on the routes that are more lucrative and they usually fly from point-to-point which is dissimilar to the incumbents which have been historically routing passengers via the hubs. Low fares are offered by them in order to compete. The entry of the new players has led to the creation of a situation where excess capacity exists in the industry and share from the incumbent airlines has been acquired by the new entrants as the cost structures of incumben t airlines are high as a consequence of high costs of labour. The incumbents had no choice but of responding to fare cuts which resulted in protracting a price war in the industry. The matters were made worse with the rise of the travel sites like Orbitz, Travelocity and Expedia on the internet. This made it very easy for the consumers to compare the prices and assisted in keeping the fares low. The matters were further complicated when in 2011, the prices of oil started increasing. In 2011, the costs of fuel formed 32 percent of total revenues while the cost of labour was 26% of the total revenue. Together they formed the two largest items of variable expense. During the 2000s several airlines become bankrupt which included the US Airways, United, Northwest and Delta. Even though the larger airlines were flying, reorganisation took place under the bankruptcy law of Chapter 11 and persistence of excess capacity continued in the industry. The latter half of 2000s and the early part of 2010s witnessed a large number of mergers in the airline industry. Merger of Northwest and Delta occurred in 2008 and merger of Continental and United occurred in 2010 while plans were announced by Southwest Airlines to merge with AirTran. In the later part of 2012, the American Airlines was put under bankruptcy protection of Chapter 11. Subsequently, U.S. Airways started pushing for an agreement on merger with American Airlines and this was till early 2013 under negotiation. A Competitive Force Analysis of the Industry The origin of this model is in the 1980 book of Michael E Porter which was known as Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors (Porter, 1980). From then onwards it has been a tool which is used frequently for conducting an analysis of the industry structure of the company and also its competitive strategy (Thimpson. Strickland., 2003). Five competitive forces were identified by Porter in his book and these forces give shape to each and every market and industry. Such forces assist in the analysis of all the things including intensity of competition to industrys profitability to its attractiveness (Magretta, 2011) (Porter, 2008). The main aspect of utilising the Portes Five Forces for the U.S. Airline industry is that the industry has been constantly battered by strong headwinds from a number of factors externally which consist of a decline of passenger traffic, increase in the operating expenses, high process of fuels and higher costs of maintenance and landing in addition to the immense competition posed by low cost carriers that has resulted in an intense price war and has had a severe impact on it (Rahman et al., 2015). The airline industry especially in case of the U.S. is said to be in a death spiral as the major carriers had to either merge with some other airlines or was forced into bankruptcy for staying afloat. Supplier Power In the U.S, airline industry, the suppliers have an immense power due to the three inputs in form of labour, aircraft and fuel all of which are impacted by the external environment. Firstly, the prices of the fuel are subject to any fluctuation which might occur in the oil prices in the global market. There might be high fluctuations due to geopolitical as well as other factors. Secondly, labour is often subject to the union power and they usually bargain with the airlines in order to obtain concessions which are often costly and unreasonable. Thirdly, aircrafts are needed by the airlines either on the basis of wet lease or outright sales meaning that there is dependency of the airlines on Boeing and Airbus for their requirements. Due to these reasons, the bargaining power of the suppliers is high as per the framework of Porters Five Forces. Buyer Power The growth of the online ticketing as well as distribution systems, the fliers are no longer dependent on the intermediaries and agents or the airlines for purchasing their tickets. Additionally, with the low cost carriers making their entry and the price wars which have resulted due to that has provided the carriers with several benefits. Apart from this, the presence of tight regulation on the side of demand in case of the airline industry has meant that fliers and passengers have got protection by means of regulators indicating a balance of power in their favour. The power is ceded to the airline industry by a combination of all the factors and therefore there is a presence of moderate to high power of the buyers in accordance with the methodology of Porters Five Forces. Additionally, the buyers can also be engaged in price discovery which means that fluctuations in price cannot stop them as there is availability of multiple channels for booking tickets. Entry and Exit Barriers There is a requirement of huge capital to enter the airline industry and even while exiting the sector, the airlines have the need of writing down as well as absorbing several losses. This is an indication that the barriers of entry and exit are high in this industry. Since, entry requires a big capital infusion; it is not possible for everybody to make an entry in the industry. It requires expertise along with sophisticated knowledge on the part of the companies which proves to be a deterrent. The barriers for exiting are also subject to regulations since in case of the U.S., the airlines are not permitted to exit the industry by the regulators till they get the satisfaction that a genuine business reason exists for it. Additionally, the synergies as well as the efficiencies from scale are leveraged by the industry and there is an existence of high barriers for entry as per the Porters Five Forces. Threat of Substitutes and Complementarities In the U.S., the airline industry does not face threat from substitutes as well as complementarities as consumers often do not take the journey through trains or buses as seen in the developing world. This indicates that for the consumers flying happens to be phenomenon which is natural and hence there is minimum impact of the substitutes. However, cars are used by several Americans which shows that a threat exists from this substitute. As far as complementarities are concerned, full service airlines offering services such as passenger amenities, a la carte meals, free Wi-Fi, etc. does not increase the number of passengers as recently it has been observed that low fares induce passenger more than these aspects. Intensity of Competitive Rivalry Intense competition exists in the U.S. airline industry due to several reasons that consist of low cost carriers making their entry, presence of tight regulations within the industry which makes safety paramount resulting in higher operating expenses along with the fact that the operations of the airlines occurs as per a slightly outdated business model particularly when the industry is facing rapid turnover as well as churn. Additionally, there is more regulation on the side of supply in comparison to the side of demand in the airline industry. This signifies that rather than the airlines having the freedom to select the markets where they can operate and which segments can they target, the regulators are pampering the fliers. Due to this reason, the full service airlines have been literally grounded by the low cost carriers. When this is put together with the intense competition which has always been observed in the markets of the U.S., it makes airline among the most competitive s ectors of the U.S. Economic Performance of the airline industry of the U.S. The economic performance of the airline industry in the U.S. looks at the way the industry has been adding value to the consumers, the investors, the wider economy as well as the Governments (IATA, 2016). Cost reductions due to declining energy prices, consolidation of the industry along with capacity discipline has resulted in the US airline industry enjoying a high of 15 year in terms of operating margins which is healthy for airlines deprived of profits in the recent years. This was despite the revenue challenges present recently. In the 2015, during the second quarter, there was an increase in margins by 6.8 points and 6.2 points of network as well as value carriers. This is when yields and revenue were declining and thus reflected a favourable environment of costs along with skilled management of airlines. The decline in yields has coincided with a capacity growth that is creeping systemwide for US carriers especially in domestic markets and slight relaxations in capacity restra ints recently in the industry. Capacity growth recently in domestic markets has put it closer to growth estimates in terms of the GDP. Recent years have also witnessed a strong focus of the industry to constraint capacity either at or below the GDP growth. Capacity growth in available seat miles exceeded GDP growth in 2015 and the overall growth of ASM in the domestic market was 3.3%. The increase in capacity along with high competition in fares in the domestic markets softened the yields. There was a decline in systemwide passenger yields. Revenue also declined after peaking in mid-2014. However, despite the challenges of revenue, airlines have been able to sustain and also show increased profit margins as unit cost declines have outpaced unit revenue declines. The cost declines have been due to lowering of fuel prices and also other costs like maintenance and ownership. Labour costs were however, high. The overall decline in costs has been largest since 2009 (Wyman, 2016). Identifying strategies for airline profitability Differentiation, cost as well as agility can be used as strategies for increasing competitive advantage. differentiation can be in form of positive reputation of the company, high value and superior quality. Costs include lowering costs to make products cheaper to the competitors products and agility comprises being agile in terms of speed of responding to demands of the market (Eller Moreira, 2014). Besides this, increased financing can be used along with price cuts in the form of sales and programs of frequent flyers, offering new services and improving the quality of existing services. In 2008, the fuel prices had reached 40% of the operating costs while in 2015, they declined. The volatility in the prices of oil in the recent years have made it necessary for the U.S. Airline to develop new strategies for the purpose of increasing revenues and reducing costs. Strategies such as charging baggage fees helped it in offsetting the effect caused by rise in fuel prices. Charging this ancillary fee was used for offsetting the impact of the decrease in demand due to economic recession and financial crisis. The ancilliary fees comprised fees for priority seating, cancellation of reservation and excess baggage fees. The fuel inefficient aircrafts were retired along with discontinuing unprofitable flying in case of city pair markets where the costs of fuel render the routes as being unprofitable (Leigh Fisher, 2011). These strategies can be continued with. The focus should be also on low unit costs for getting an increased market share (Embraer, 2013). The competitive analysis shows that entry and exit in this industry involves huge investments and is thus high, the supplier and buyer bargaining power are also moderately high. There is intense competition from rivals but not so much from substitutes. The unit costs in the airline decreased in 2015 due to ASM increase and greater density of seats. The industry has been marred by low profitability in the recent years. However, the airlines are showing improvements in matching their capacity to the demands of the consumers and have maintained high load factors in peak as well as off-peak times. The last two years saw load factors at a record level because of the stimulation of off-peak demand and either maintenance of or reduction of non-peak capacity. Even though the ASM growth was the lowest in North America, it exceeded the estimates of GDP (Wyman, 2016). The above mentioned strategies should be implemented for increasing profitability. Conclusion It is an encouraging sign that the airline industry has been able to maintain profits which are healthy even though intense competition exists but it is debatable if the profits will be able to outlast the low fuel cycle and will the costs of the industry be affected by the renewed focus on the customers. In addition will the carriers give in to the temptation of flooding the market with an unsustainable capacity given the estimates of economic growth and will the weaknesses that have been covered by low prices of fuel be exposed ultimately. In light of this, it is recommended that the airlines implement the above mentioned strategies so as to increase their profitability even more in the coming years. Bibliography Airlines_Eric_Henckels, 2016. Airline Induustry Overview. [Online] Available at: https://www.columbia.edu/cu/consultingclub/Resources/Airlines_Eric_Henckels.pdf [Accessed 16 December 2016]. Eller, R.d.A.G. Moreira, M., 2014. The main cost-related factors in airlines management. Journal of Transport Literature, 8(1), pp.8-23. Embraer, 2013. Fresh Perspectives on Airline Fleet Strategies. [Online] Available at: https://www.embraercommercialaviation.com/MarketInfo/The_New_Metrics_of_Success.pdf [Accessed 16 December 2016]. IATA, 2016. ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY. [Online] Available at: https://www.iata.org/whatwedo/Documents/economics/IATA-Economic-Performance-of-the-Industry-end-year-2016-report.pdf [Accessed 16 December 2016]. Leigh Fisher, 2011. The New Drivers of Airline Profitability Influence Service Decisions. [Online] Available at: https://www.leighfisher.com/sites/default/files/free_files/focus_-_new_drivers_of_airline_profitability_-_nov_2011.pdf [Accessed 15 December 2016]. Magretta, J., 2011. Understand Michael Porter: The essential guide to competition and strategy. Harvard Business Review. Nhuta, S., 2012.An Analysis Of The F0rces That Determine The Competitive Intensity In The Airline Industry And The Implications For Strategy , 2(9), pp.433-69. Porter, M., 1980. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries. Free Press. Porter, M.E., 2008. The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review, January. Rahman, K., Azad, S. Mostari, S., 2015. A Competitive Analysis of Airline Industry: A Case Study on Biman Bangladesh Airlines. Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) , 17(4), pp.23-33. Thimpson. Strickland., 2003. Strategic management: concepts and cases. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Wyman, O., 2016. AIRLINE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS. [Online] Available at: https://www.oliverwyman.com/content/dam/oliver-wyman/global/en/2016/jan/oliver-wyman-airline-economic-analysis-2015-2016.pdf [Accessed 15 December 2016].

Figurative Language free essay sample

The use of similes and hyperboles are able to affect the tone, meaning and theme that better explain the meaning in stories and songs. Figurative language is meant to appeal to the senses in order to provide interest and evoke emotion in what is being read or heard. Alicia Keys, â€Å"This Girl Is On Fire†, is a great example of figurative language. The figurative language in this song provides a respectful and jovial tone, and it also demonstrates the theme of the capability of potential and societies urge to undermine the success of others. The first verse of the song sets the tone of respect and the theme of potential. The first lines of the song use multiple metaphors that read â€Å"She’s just a girl, and she’s on fire. Hotter than a fantasy, longer like a highway. She’s living in a world, and it’s on fire,† which demonstrate how this girl is just an ordinary girl but she has been able to accomplish great things in this competitive world that we live in. We will write a custom essay sample on Figurative Language or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The following verse also demonstrates how the ordinary girl has â€Å"stood her ground† in the competitive world. The verse contains an idiom that reads â€Å"Oh, she got both feet on the ground Oh, she got her head in the clouds and she’s not backing down,† which states that the ordinary girl has ideas that may seem unrealistic but she will strive to make these ideas come to life and not just be a daydream. Throughout the song â€Å"This girl is on fire† is repeated, hence it is the chorus. When the chorus is on, the audience just awaits that powerful note, because throughout the song Alicia Keys puts the most emphasis on these five words. The repetition of that line demonstrates the strength and potential this ordinary girl has. Also the repetition and vibrato behind the chorus, makes the metaphor that much more powerful and believable to the audience; it is able to evoke a sense of hope in the audience for this ordinary girl. The fourth verse of the songs reads â€Å"Looks like a girl, but she’s a flame. So bright, she can burn your eyes. Better look the other way,† which makes a great example of the power this girl has. The combination of a simile and metaphor in the first line portrays that the girl is no ordinary girl. When people look at her, they probably just see an ordinary girl walking the street that might not be doing anything great with her life. But the metaphor â€Å"she’s a flame† contradicts that completely. Metaphors make stronger comparisons between two things than a simile does. Since the metaphor contradicts the simile, then the metaphor overpowers the simile stating that the girl is not an ordinary girl. The next two lines of the verse put more emphasis on the girl being a flame. The metaphor is a representation of how great the girl is. The fire and flame representing this girl is something uncommon in the competitive world we live in,because as a whole people want to be more successful than others. Therefore her flame â€Å"burns people’s eyes† because they are not prepared for potential within her. The potential behind her is so powerful that people are not able to handle her strength so they â€Å"better look the other way,† or they will get burned by her passion to succeed in life. It is also be another example of how people try to undermine other’s success, but no one will be able to bring down her hope for greatness. The next lines of the verse are a combination of hyperboles and metaphors. â€Å"You can try but you’ll never forget her name. She’s on top of the world. Hottest of the hottest girls say,† these lines demonstrate that she already has achieved some of her goals. The first line is a hyperbole that is also related to the example stated above about how people try to undermine the success of others, but she will not let people take away her success. Therefore even though people might try forget her and the goals she has accomplished, she will not let it happen. Also since â€Å"she is a fire† her success is so great that it would be hard to forget. The metaphor and idiom â€Å"she’s on top of the world† also demonstrates the success that she has achieved. The idiom means that she has reached her goal and succeeded which makes it harder for people to forget her. This is clear because if â€Å"she is on top of the world† then she has made a name for herself that has impacted the world and her life immensely. Therefore she will not just be an ordinary girl anymore, and now she will not be overlooked or forgotten. The next verse reads â€Å"Everybody stands, as she goes by. Cause they can see the flame that’s in her eyes. Watch her when she’s lighting up the night,† which is able to demonstrate how people do not view her as an ordinary girl anymore. When people see her they stop to take notice of the greatness that she has become. The metaphor of â€Å"the flame in her eyes† demonstrates how she is not done trying to achieve her goals. This girl has far more potential left in her and will accomplish them. The next metaphor demonstrates that people now see the hope and potential she has within her. When she reaches the rest of her potential, she will â€Å"night up the light†. The idiom means that the feeling she will feel when she has reached her full potential will be strong enough that people will see how her attitude changes to bright and cheery, and her bright attitude will be able to brighten up the night. The idiom just restates the strength and potential this not so ordinary girl has. The figurative language is full of praise for this not so ordinary girl. The explanation of how great and powerful this girl is demonstrates the respect the girl deserves. She was able to reach her goals even though people might not have believed in her. Therefore the tone is evident throughout the whole song, and so are the themes. This girl has reached her full potential and people are now taking notice, so now she will be respected and not forgotten. The figurative language in this song was well combined and well orchestrated to show the theme and tone simultaneously.

The Mummy returns Essay Example

The Mummy returns Essay Example The Mummy returns Paper The Mummy returns Paper How does the opening sequence of your chosen film create meaning and atmosphere for the audience? I have chosen The Mummy Returns. Sound The narrator directly addresses the audience. It is used at the beginning to set the scene and describes what has happened up to the present day, so the audience understand what’s happening. Parallel sound is used throughout. Sound bridges happen throughout the sequence. For example, when the battles are taking place, and the scene cuts between different shots. This gives continuity to the film. The soundtrack uses many features to involve the audience, and create an atmosphere. For example, in the battle scene at the beginning, the drums and the chanting help to build an atmosphere of excitement, and the importance of the battle and the scorpion king. As the scene moves into the temple, the soundtrack uses eerie noises, and high pitched notes to unsettle the audience adding to a tense atmosphere. The soundtrack is also used to show relationships between characters. When Evelyn and Rick are alone in the temple the music becomes slow and romantic. Diegetic sound is used throughout the sequence to help get the scene. It is used in a lot of different places from swords clashing in battle scenes, to snakes hissing in the tomb, to water rushing through the tunnels. Lighting The film starts in the desert. The light used is a very high key top light. This represents the sun in the desert. It portrays a feeling of intense heat to the audience. It also creates different shadows on different parts of the scene, helping to give a sense of time. Inside the temple, lots of different effects are used to create different moods. At the beginning a backlight is used on its own to create a clear silhouette of Rick, adding to the suspense. The lighting underground is low key because there is no natural light. It also creates deep distinct shadows adding to the feeling of fear and a scary atmosphere. Under lighting is used on the scorpions to give them long, deformed shadows making them seem bigger, unsettling the audience. Lit torches are used as the main source of light. His gives flickering shadows adding to a tense atmosphere. Under lighting is used on the faces of the three men. It gives shadows on their faces and makes them look sinister, therefore making the audience presume they are the ‘bad guys’. The opposite effect is used on Alex, using high key lighting, so the audience presume the opposite. Other effects such as spotlights are also used when the bracelet is in the frame, to show its importance. Darkness is used near the end of the scene to represent claustrophobic conditions when the water starts to come in. Framing The scene begins with a master shot of the entire place where the following scene takes place. It includes the whole background for reference to later in the film. An establishing shot is also used it shows all of both the armies. It helps to set the scene for the audience. As the battle takes place, mixtures of medium long shots and mid shots are used. This means all the action can be seen, while facial expressions can still be seen. High angles are used throughout increasing the audience’s sense of power over the army, involving them. In the desert, long shots are used to show the army in the desolate surrounding. It increases the feeling of desperation of the men. At the end of the desert scene a very high angle is used on the scorpion king so he looks small, making the audience almost pity him. Inside the temple, a lot of mid shots and close ups are used. This helps to increase the feel of the small tunnels. It also shows the characters are all important. Straight angled shots are used to put the audience on the same level as all the main characters. The audience do not need to feel sorry for, or to feel intimidated by any of the characters. Point of view shots are used to give a characters perspective of looking down a corridor, in the case of Rick when he is in the temple. It shows the fear the characters must be feeling appeals to the audience directly to emphasize with them. At the end of the scene, a lot of medium long shots are used to enable the audience to see all the action taking place as it builds to a climax. Camera movement As the sequence begins, the camera uses a lot of fast panning. This is to increase the tense mood and the feeling of the action. It pans across the army showing everyone waiting to fight. This effect sets the scene for the audience and shows the expanse of the army. The scorpion king is tracked to increase his important. It is fast which creates excitement. A steadicam is used a lot to show different aspects of the moving battle but to keep the shots smooth. A handheld camera is also used to convey an atmosphere of chaos to the audience and to involve the audience, making them feel as if they are actually there. When the sequence cuts to the section inside the temple the camera uses tracking to help the audience crate an emotional attachment with Rick. Zooming in is used when Rick and Evelyn meet. It gives the section a romantic feel and gives the audience a feeling of closeness increasing a relaxed atmosphere, which is then opposite to other scenes. A lot of panning is used throughout the rest of the scene, for example, when Alex runs across the temple floor. He is also tracked to show he is important in that particular scene, making the focus on him. It also involves the audience a lot more in the film. Zooming in is used when the bracelet is in this box in the vision. This shows it’s important and focus’s the audience’s attention on it. Zooming is also used when one of the three men says â€Å"we do not want to wake the Gods†. This gives greater importance to these words, making the audience take more notice them. The camera pans Evelyn and Rick as they run away from the water towards the end of the sequence. It also zooms into their facial expressions, appealing to the audience because they are slightly comical. Editing During the battle scene at the beginning of the sequence a lot of invisible editing it used. This is to be unobtrusive, so the audience’s attention is not taken away from the battle. Jump cuts are used to move from the battle to the desert, then back to another battle then to the inside of the temple. This is a common feature of their type of genre. Inside the temple a lot more variety of shot is used. Reaction shots are used a lot more frequently. For example, from Rick’s expression when he knocks Alex over, to Alex’s face, then back to Rick’s expression. Elliptical cuts are also used. For example, when Rick walks down a corridor, and then is with Evelyn after a jump cut. Invisible editing is used most frequently throughout which is common for this type of film. Mise-en-Scene The outside settings are mainly digitally created because they are too vast to create from scratch, and to detailed and precise to use a location which already exists. The inside setting is very detailed. The walls all have Egyptian markings on them, and are all covered with dirt and cobwebs. It’s also very dark. They all give an atmosphere a terror and mystery. The props used are typical of 1930’s, which is when the film is set. The types of guns and other weapons used indicate that the film is not set in modern times. The tools being used to dig with are not modern technology. The torches of fire are used as the main source of light while they are underground, which it would have been in 1933. It helps to set the scene. It also adds to the atmosphere because of the flickering shadows created. The costume is also typical of the 1930’s. The men wear shirts and trousers, with Alex wearing shorts and trousers. The costume also helps to portray heat of the desert. The three men, for example, wear head dresses and loose shirts. Other costume includes Indiana Jones styles exploring clothes Rick wears. The clothes are all in good condition, which represents they have a lot of money, which is proved later in the film, when they arrive home to their mansion. The important characters in the scene always stand in the foreground of the shot, often against a stationary background. However the characters are sometimes positioned all at one side this unsettles the audience, therefore involves them. Different emphasis is put a different bit of body language depending on the scene. When the battle is taking place outside medium long shots and long shots are used to include all the action so you don’t miss anything. Inside the temple close ups and mid shots are used to include important facial expressions, to help build the tension. Narrative structure The film doesn’t begin with equilibrium, but equilibrium is established quite early on in the sequence, when the scorpion king is killed. However two new incidents happen to complicate the story. The first being that the three men enter who have been sent to kill the O’Connell’s. The second being that taking the bracelet from its box causes the temple to collapse. A binary opposite of good Vs evil is made between the O’Connell’s and the three men is established as soon as they enter. The sequence is organised in a non-linear format. It makes use of flashbacks and visions. Genre The genre of this film is action/adventure. Generic conventions are used. For example, there’s a lot of action in a short space of time. Theres also a feeling of adventure when the characters are exploring in the temple. Fast paced loud music and guns and fighting are also generic conventions used in this sequence. There are some aspects however which are subverted. The idea of mummies is also fantasy possibly suggesting hybridisation. There are also some aspects of comic language. Characters We can tell from this sequence characters are going to be important. The scorpion king is talked about a lot and is shown using low angled shots for the majority of the time, which also increases his sense of importance. We can tell Evelyn, Rick and Alex are important because the whole sequence is based around what they are doing and why. The scorpion king is an important character. This is shown by actors such as his name, which h includes the word king giving him high status. His clothing is better than that of his army, which he also leads. He also wears lots of gold jewellery. Rick is shown to be a fighter. He is always carries guns and bullets with him and he creeps around at the beginning of the temple scene. He also likes to do things by brute force shown in the comments Evelyn says, such as â€Å"let’s do it your way† then he would bang down a door. Alex is shown to be clever. He knows a lot about ancient Egypt, because he talks to Rick about a statue, he also understand hieroglyphics, show later in the film. Vladimir Prop’s theory fits into this film in some aspects. The villain; impoteph, the donor; being Izzy who later on in the film helps them a lot, and the magical helper being Ardis who helps them throughout. Some characters do not fir in however, such as the father’s daughter.

COFFEE TRENDS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

COFFEE TRENDS - Essay Example Due to the high caffeine content and other chemical substances in coffee, critics argue that coffee is addictive and to some extent, it contributes to weight gain, thus, its consumption should be restricted. On the contrary, coffee has played an imperative role in human lives in various ways such as cultural, social, political, globalization, economical, and medicinal aspects, and thus its consumption should not be restricted. First, coffee plays a significant role in cultural and customary occasions in many societies. For example, it is presented and consumed in many communities whereby it plays various roles with regard to a particular culture. For instance it acts as ethnic or religious representative of many groups, matrimonial or funeral essential commodity, irreplaceable element for individuals and professionals at all times. In addition, coffee is a symbol of hospitability, whereby social hospitable norms of many ethnic and religious groups require them to offer at least †Å"a cup of coffee to their guests† as their standard etiquette (Topik 86). This is commonly seen in various religious societies, in which guests are often presented with a cup of coffee. For example, Muslims either in Ramadan or in their traditional weddings, keep coffee as a mandatory item for their guests. Similarly, Catholic, Jews and orthodox also keep this social beverage at important events such as funerals, marriage ceremonies, political and social meetings, and most importantly at professional work places (Croegaert 468). Secondly, coffee has been a crucial component of political and revolutionary movements’ gatherings and meetings. Throughout history, coffee houses have been social places for political and revolutionary movements across many nations. Companies such as Starbucks, Nestle, Proctor and gamble among others are popular for promoting a coffee culture where people can go relax in their coffee outlets and lounges, and consequently catch up or discuss po litical and social issues. Starbucks even went as far as providing Wi-Fi in their coffee lounges in Australia so that customers can even work while enjoying coffee and connecting. During the era of globalization and industrialization, coffee places were highly valued, and it represented a culture of class of people. Likewise, this era witnessed increasing activities of social movement groups, and as customary, coffee houses became their favourite meeting places. Hence, people planned, discussed and organised their social and political revolutions in â€Å"kefeteria† or in coffee houses against the government of that time (Croegaert 468). Therefore, restricting consumption of coffee would destroy such cultures and the values attached to it. Thirdly, coffee plays a crucial role in development of economy, which is evident from various companies that have made profit from coffee processing and sales. In the twentieth century, in USA 80% of the coffee production and supply was ass ociated to the four renowned brands namely; Nestle, Proctor and Gamble, Sarah Lee and Philip Morris. Likewise, Starbucks, MacDonald’s and Dunkin doughnuts have been responsible for the expansion of this social beverage throughout the world, especially in USA (Topik 100). With variation in the forms of coffee like espresso, cappuccino, cold-coffee; it overwhelmed cola-drink trend in the youth. Moreover, Dunkin Doughnuts and